Two new surveys have shed light on attitudes towards rape, assault, and harassment – and show how outdated misconceptions about what it means to be assaulted still abound in much of the population.

One study, undertaken by polling company Ipso Mori, found that men “greatly underestimate” the level of harassment women face. The other, performed by YouGov for the End Violence Against Women Coalition, found that many people are still “unclear” on what rape actually is.

The first study polled respondents, male and female, across the US and Europe – and found that both men and women consistently underestimated how prevalent harassment is.

Danish, Dutch and French respondents were the most likely to underestimate harassment, guessing figures 49, 35 and 34 percent lower respectively. In the UK, 68% of women have reported harassment – but only men guessed that the figure was just 46%.

These statistics show the shocking attitudes we still have to assault