Not all of the effects associated with aphrodisiacs are psychological – some have a physical effect on the body, too. Here’s how they work.

1. Strawberries

Strawberries are one of the most famous aphrodisiacs, and for good reason. Not only do they taste good but they could also have a small libido-enhancing effect.

“Strawberries contain a good amount of zinc, which plays a role in overall reproductive health for both men and women,” Crowley says. In particular, zinc has been shown to have a positive effect on sex drive because it helps to regulate testosterone – a hormone associated with libido – levels and stops them from dipping too low. This is the case for both men and women.

Some claim that strawberries can improve sexual performance because of their antioxidant content, but Crowley isn’t so sure.

“There is little evidence to prove that eating strawberries can improve sexual performance,” he says. “Although the antioxidants contribute to overall health, the link between antioxidants in strawberries and improved blood flow specifically to sexual organs for arousal is unclear.”

2. Oysters

Oysters are also rich in zinc; in fact, they’re the most zinc-rich food out there. In this way, they have a similar effect to strawberries: by helping to keep your testosterone levels in a healthy range, they may give your sex drive a boost.

But again, Crowley suggests taking this relationship with a pinch of salt. “Though oysters are a great source of nutrients including zinc, omega-3 and vitamin D, there isn’t enough research to prove they help increase libido,” he says.

Instead, it’s more likely that zinc-rich foods could help to stop the lowered sex drive associated with testosterone deficiency. Again, more research is needed here.

The dopamine-supporting effects of zinc could also play a role, Crowley adds: “Dopamine is said to increase sexual arousal in both men and women.”

3. Red wine

Red wine is one of those rare ‘treat’ foods that have been shown to have health benefits. For example, the polyphenols – a form of antioxidants – in red wine may have heart-protective benefits, and red wine has also been shown to boost gut microbiome diversity when consumed healthily.

A handful of studies have also linked red wine consumption to increased sexual health. “Though little research has been done on this topic, one study found that regular moderate intake of red wine is associated with higher sexual desire, lubrication and overall sexual function in women,” Crowley explains.

Want to boost your libido this Valentine’s Day? Here’s the science behind aphrodisiacs