We all use executive functions everyday, for the most part without even realising it. Hitting a work deadline, meeting a friend for coffee or handling a disagreement with a partner all require executive functioning, and studies show our brains continue to develop these skills long into adulthood.

“Executive function is essentially your brain’s project manager function,” explains Dr Zoe Watson, GP and founder of wellbeing platform Wellgood Wellbeing. “It is the brain function which allows us to plan, organise, pay attention, initiate and complete tasks, manage our time effectively and have cognitive flexibility. It ensures that your brain prioritises tasks, stays on track, finishes things to completion, filters distractions, keeps focus and controls impulses.”

What is executive functioning disorder, then?

Executive functioning disorder (EFD) – or executive dysfunction – is an umbrella term for when people struggle with tasks that neurotypical brains can handle with relative ease.

“EFD covers a broad range of conditions linked to a specific part of the brain known as the prefrontal cortex,” explains certified productivity coach Juliet Landau-Pope. “The prefrontal cortex is responsible for executive function – high-level cognitive skills such as planning, decision-making and regulating thoughts and behaviours.”

Commonly associated with ADHD and autism, EFD is often present alongside other mental health conditions, such as OCD, among others.

“EFD is extremely common across all neuro divergencies,” says Watson. “Unsurprisingly it can cause absolute havoc for neurodivergent people, not just at work, but in their personal lives too.”

Struggling to make decisions and stay organised? Executive functioning disorder could be to blame