How will rail services be impacted by the strikes?

Network Rail has warned passengers to expect very significant disruption and to check their intended service is operating before they travel.

Among those taking industrial action, leading intercity operators Avanti West Coast, CrossCountry, East Midlands Railway, Great Western Railway, LNER and TransPennine Express will have services affected.

Operators focusing on the Midlands and north of England, including Chiltern Railways, Northern Trains and West Midlands Trains.

Other train operators have warned that services could be crowded and disrupted as passengers switch to alternative services. Most have advised to only travel if necessary on strike days.

Rail strikes July 2023: which lines and services across the UK will be affected by the walkouts?